Drowning: what you need to know
Drowning is the number one cause of death for children under five.
Babies and toddlers are top-heavy, which makes them susceptible to drowning. If a baby falls into even shallow water, she cannot always lift herself out. Drowning can occur quickly and quietly, without any warning noises.
In Australia, children under five drown in:
- swimming pools (16 children drowned in pools in 2009-10)
- baths (five children drowned in the bath in 2009-10)
- rivers, creeks and oceans (nine children drowned in a river or in the ocean in 2009-10)
- dams and lakes (four children drowned in dams in 2009-10).
Children also drown in less obvious locations, such as nappy buckets, water tanks, water features and fish ponds – even pets’ water bowls. Four children drowned in these locations during 2009-10.
For every drowning, approximately three other children are hospitalised from a near-drowning incident, some of which result in severe brain damage.
Prevention and 100% supervision are the keys to keeping your child safe around water.
Water safety basics
It’s important to always stay with your child and watch him whenever he is near water – even when he can swim.
Supervision means constant visual contact with your child and keeping her within arm’s reach at all times. You should be in a position to respond quickly, whether you’re at the beach or the swimming pool, near dams, rivers and lakes, or at home when the bath or spa is full. Hold your child’s hand when you are near waves or paddling in rivers.
Supervision is not an occasional glance while you nap, read or do household chores. It is not watching your kids playing outside while you’re inside. It is always best for an adult, not an older child, to supervise.
You can also teach your child about water safety and how to swim. Many children can learn to swim by the time they are four or five.
First aid is an essential skill for the entire family to learn. Learning CPR and what to do in an emergency could save your child’s life.
Other practical tips for water safety
Around the house
The majority of drowning deaths in Australia result from a child falling or wandering into the water, particularly into a backyard pool. But a young child can drown in as little as 5 cm of water. Here are some tips to improve water safety around your house:
- Remove any containers with water in them from around the house and make sure your child can’t get to any bodies of water, including the bath, on her own.
- Use a nappy bucket with a tight-fitting lid and keep the bucket closed, off the floor and out of your child’s reach.
- Always empty the baby bath as soon as you’re finished with it so older siblings can’t climb in.
- Drain sinks, tubs, buckets, baths and paddling pools when you’re finished with them.
- Secure covers to ponds and birdbaths and other water features with wire mesh or empty them until your child is at least five years of age.
- Keep aquariums and fishbowls out of reach of small children. If you have an inflatable pool that is more than 300 mm in height, pool fencing laws apply. Outdoor spas also have to be fenced.
Outside the house – dams, ponds and tanks
Children don’t always understand, apply or remember rules, especially when they’re distracted by play. So a securely fenced, safe play area can be an effective barrier between small children and water hazards.
A secure play area can prevent your child from wandering near dams, creeks or other bodies of water, and gaining access to hazards such as farm machinery, horses and farm vehicles. FarmSafe Australia recommends a ‘safe play’ area, supported by family rules and supervison, as the most effective way to prevent serious injury and death to small children on rural properties.
- Fence off the area between the house and any bodies of water.
- Teach your child not to go near the dam, creek or water tank without you.
- Secure a toddler-proof lid over any water tanks.
- Fence off, drain or seal ponds while your child or visiting children are less than five years of age.
- Make sure there are no trellises, ladders, windows or trees that your child could climb to gain access to the water tank.
Beaches, lakes and rivers
- Always stay with your child when he is playing in or near the sea, lakes or rivers. Hold your toddler’s hand near waves and when paddling in rivers.
- Take your child only to patrolled beaches where surf lifesavers are present, and swim only between the flags.
- Teach your school-age child what to do if she needs help: stay calm, float and raise an arm to signal to a lifeguard or lifesaver.
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